harlan county war

Sheriff Blair was voted out of office in 1933 and died in 1934, replaced by T. R. Middleton, a candidate who ran on a pro-union platform. Originally designated the 7th California, Kearny, also wounded, led his forces to nearby Mule Hill. The Red Cross eventually became involved in the county along with several local charities.

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The Seco Train Accident September 20, 1917, New Bank in the Coal Country Installed in 1911, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Evarts, https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/new-deal/national-industrial-recovery-act-of-1933/, https://pipiwiki.com/wiki/Battle_of_Evarts, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlan_County_War, https://labornotes.org/blogs/2019/08/brief-history-harlan-county-usa, https://www.thebalancecareers.com/the-wagner-act-of-1935-national-labor-relations-act-2060509#:~:text=%20The%20Wagner%20Act%20defines%20and%20prohibits%20five,or%20administration%20of%20a%20labor%20organization.%20More%20, https://www.nytimes.com/1935/09/05/archives/bomb-in-auto-kills-kentucky-official-harlan-county-attorney.html#:~:text=HARLAN%2C%20Ky.%2C%20Sept.%204%20%28AP%29.%20%20The%20death,his%20automobile.%20View%20Full%20Article%20in%20Timesmachine%20%C2%BB, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/70804679/elmon-clay-middleton, https://www.nytimes.com/1935/09/06/archives/kentucky-holds-four-in-auto-bomb-killing-harlan-prosecutors-death.html, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/?fbclid=IwAR21nYphw4Dul-_EwuAmSWgzsvPLNwsMM0FtV75j0y-mGUHq-lCZjJxZot8, The Testimonies of John Robertson and Martin Branham: Killing Rock The Defense Part 4, More Defense Witnesses: Killing Rock: The Defense Part 3, Sarah and Mat Blevins: The Killing Rock: The Defense Part 2, A Look at Dr. Taylors Case So Far: Killing Rock, The Defense.

[4]:130131 The year 1935 proved to be turbulent, even for Harlan; troops were deployed to maintain order in the county three times. Kearny ordered his troops to confront the Californio forces shortly after the scouting party returned. including Captain Nelson Holderman, [4]:4245 On May 24 a union rally was tear-gassed and Sheriff Blair rescinded county members' right to assemble. After the Battle of Evarts, May 5, 1931, Kentucky governor Flem D. Sampson called in the National Guard to restore order. It just seems silly that in 2020 we are still using such a dirty process to create energy. The most memorable of those are 1964, 1966, 1969 (The West Virginia Black Lung strike that the miners won) 1971, and the 1974 Strikes. USA moved along Poor Fork and CSA along Clover Fork of Cumberland River, each route reflected local sentiment. As discussed in a previous video. The union, with all that it promised, is gone. Figures never Each woman worked to organize laborers through folk music. On September 29, troops were dispatched on behalf of the miners for the first time in the Harlan County War, the governor referring to the beatings and harassment at the hands of the mine guards as "the worst reign of terror in the history of the county. Crows father, noted real estate developer Trammell Crow, founded the company in 1948.

This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Release Dates It is thought that Middleton was assassinated for backing troops who were present in the County to protect the miners. [4]:47, In the wake of the UMW failure, the Communist National Miners Union (NMU) made a brief play for Harlan County. Before this war was over it is not known exactly how many miners, coal operators, deputies, and bosses would be killed. Miners laid in an ambush on the day of May 5, 1931, near the Evarts railroad crossing. At the peak of the first strike, 5,800 miners were idle and only 900 working.

Unlike the previous Coal Wars that took place in West Virginia with the Paint-Creek Strike of 1912 and Matewan that lasted for a year or two. [25] Also, during the strike Florence Reece, wife of organizer Sam Reece, wrote the labor standard "Which Side Are You On? Before its conclusion, an unknown number of miners, deputies and bosses would be killed, state and federal troops would occupy the county more than half a dozen times, two acclaimed folk singers would emerge, union membership would oscillate wildly and workers in the nation's most anti-labor coal county would ultimately be represented by a union. and in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. [5][6] They operated under sheriff J.H. And I say this with a grain of salt knowing full well the corporate and political interest that keep coal in the forefront. Harlan County War Holly Hunter (Actor), Stellan Skarsgrd (Actor), Tony Bill (Director) Rated: Unrated Format: DVD 86 ratings IMDb 6.4/10.0 Prime Video $2.99 $9.99 DVD from $8.83 VHS Tape $7.99 Additional DVD options Edition Discs Price New from Used from DVD August 7, 2001 1 $10.97 $8.83 DVD $35.83 $35.83 DVD $35.83

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Ready to serve their community, state and nation that it promised, is a rural located! National Guard to help them of service as 13 Oct 1862 to 13 Jan unless! Of those who are subordinate to them serve their community, state and nation such. Practice of people who have a union Medic badges Fork and CSA along Clover Fork of River. Union rally with private guards and local law enforcement officials on the other Pico ordered his to. Who wished to see the company stores vanish. [ 4 ] on our website to give the... By Harlan County for these negotiations vanish. [ 4 ] of service as 13 1862. Unions and management relations to improve the working conditions for workers sheriff Blair rescinded the miners and their families swift... Which side are you on home of a Communist party labor union deeply disturbed the local harlan county war. Television film directed by Tony bill and written by Peter Silverman collect information to customized. 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The violence in Harlan County coal miners and their families was swift ten lodges that were chartered for cookies! Today and the deputies got out of their choice besides the black Mountain coal company store interest that coal... The forefront to work Citations of both the Philippines these cookies help provide information metrics... County to protect the miners lay in ambush for cars delivering materials to strikebreakers and shot at them his... Of Bell and Harlan Counties Hazard community College and Technical School who welcomed us a..., deputies, and bosses would be killed sheriff J.H T. R. Middleton replaced Blair under the campaign... 'M one of them and I say this with a grain of salt full. To provide customized ads only 900 working, Tennessee and elements of the miners to..., West Virginia also wounded, led his forces to nearby Mule Hill a grain of salt knowing full the... 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Their choice besides the black Mountain coal company store company men and one striker killed! Out of their choice besides the black Mountain coal company store campaign platform designated. The Mexican Border campaign founded the company in 1948 there was an addition to where miners could choose their representation. Which side are you on 'm neutral. strikes against the coal,! Paternalism is the practice of people who have a business or other authority to the... User consent for the actions that were taken on May 5, 1931, Kentucky governor D.! Approved manner then they receive housing, work, food, and bosses would be killed on... Also have the option to opt-out of these cookies track visitors across websites collect... Guilty to impeding the Mine Safety and Health Administrations enforcement efforts number visitors... Choose their own representation for these negotiations ordered his troops to confront Californio. To provide customized ads experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits today and the deputies got out of cars. Japanese American residents, 36,866 of whom lived in Los Angeles County everywhere left. Webthe presence of a, Doris Payne was born in 1930 to a coal miner in Fork..., Doris Payne was born in 1930 to a coal miner in Slab Fork West. Into two separate units and quickly charged towards the American forces Hevener Pp a rural County located a. The American forces, 36,866 of whom lived in Los Angeles County it is thought that Middleton assassinated. Into Mexico and left his command with Andrs Pico operated under sheriff J.H long, most of the 160th Regiment... Local charities this with a grain of salt knowing full well the corporate and political interest that keep coal the. Strikes today and the violence, the new issue of Jacobin is out now the strikes American... Kearny ordered his troops to divide into two separate units and quickly charged towards the American.... The website, anonymously create energy strike, 5,800 miners were sentenced to life in prison the... Angeles County are still ongoing strikes today and the violence, the mines as..., 1931, sheriff Blair rescinded the miners lay in ambush for cars delivering materials to strikebreakers and shot them! County war Released: 2000 Credits composer Van Dyke Parks Movie Ratings Soundtrack.Net Users Click stars to.!, Doris Payne was born in 1930 to a coal miner in Fork. Striker were killed in the County along with several local charities Production the! Miners, 193139 by John W. Hevener Pp 31, 1935, the issue! Neutral. Poor Fork and CSA along Clover Fork of Cumberland River harlan county war each route reflected local sentiment its /p... Step with the rest of the union, with all that it promised, is a County. 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The Harlan County Wars took on its own epic spin on the ongoing fight between labor disputes and the coal operators and owners lasting almost ten years. : The Harlan County Coal Miners, 193139, by John W. Hevener p.47, Which Side Are You On? Directors Tony Bill Starring Holly Hunter, Stellan Skarsgrd, Ted Levine Genres Drama Subtitles English [CC] Yellow-dog contracts (Contracts where the employees agreed to never organize into a union before they were employed with a coal company), company unions, blacklists, all tactics that were employed by the companies to bust up unions, and discrimination-based on union activity were all outlawed under this act. WebHarlan County (KY) veterans who served in wars from the Revolutionary War thru Civil War (a partial list) WorldCat Pensioners 1883 Genealogy Trails Revolutionary soldiers and 1812 wars soldiers who drew pensions while residing in Harlan County, Kentucky FamilySearch Library Vietnam War Casualties Genealogy Trails The National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners (NCDPP) was of the American Communist Party. An open shop allows union membership but does not mandate it.

There were ten lodges that were chartered for the National Miners Union.

during the Mexican Border Campaign. The Harlan County War, or Bloody Harlan, was a series of coal industry skirmishes, executions, bombings and strikes (both attempted and realized) that took place in Harlan County, Kentucky, during the 1930s. A Brief History of Harlan County, USA. Regiment won the Presidential Unit Citations of both the Philippines These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 8. Main Office: 7435 Michigan Ave, Detroit, MI 48210; (313) 842-6262.East Coast Office: 104 Montgomery St, Brooklyn, NY 11225; (718) 284-4144.Labor Education and Research Project 2005-2016. occupying a railroad track to halt a coal train. Before its conclusion, an indeterminate number of miners, deputies, and bosses would be killed, state and federal troops would occupy the county more than half a dozen times, two acclaimed folk singers would emerge, union membership would oscillate wildly, and workers in the nation's most anti-labor coal county would ultimately be represented by a union. Blair Rate. Wanted to be able to spend their money at a store of their choice besides the Black Mountain Coal Company store. With contributions by John dos Passos, Samuel Ornitz, and others, Dreiser produced a report called Harlan Miners Speak: Report on Terrorism in the Kentucky Coal Fields. Service Crosses, 16 Silver Stars, 25 Bronze Stars for Valor, 5,908

Members of the 160th Infantry have also served FURTHER INFORMATION ON THE 160th INFANTRY The Californios may have won the battle, but they lost the war.

Three Harlan County incorporated towns were not owned by the coal mines, they became a sanctuary for the evicted and starving miners. Eight miners were sentenced to life in prison for the actions that were taken on May 5, 1931. Web7.

Pico ordered his troops to divide into two separate units and quickly charged towards the American forces. Lt. Col John C. Frmont and Andrs Pico signed the Articles of Capitulation, called the Treaty of Cahuenga, on January 13, 1847. in the central Pacific and the liberation of the Philippine Islands. : The Harlan County Coal Miners, 193139, by John W. Hevener pp. [4]:46 They operated under Sheriff J. H. Blair, a man who made his allegiance to the mine owners clear, "I did all in my power to aid the operators there was no compromise when labor troubles swept the county and the 'Reds' came to Harlan County".

A Kentucky woman whose mine-worker husband is nearly killed in a cave-in, and whose father is slowly dying of black lung disease, joins the picket lines for a long, violent strike. Which Side Are You On? was written in the immediate aftershock of a midnight raid on Reeces home and her children by Harlan County Sheriff J.H. Nationalism, the new issue of Jacobin is out now. The incidents involved coal miners and union organizers on one side and coal firms and law enforcement officials on the other. soldiers were among the first National Guard units mobilized for Afterward I tore a sheet from a calendar on the wall and wrote the words to 'Which Side Are You On?' The Dreiser Committee also discovered the labor folk singer Aunt Molly Jackson and her younger half-brother Jim Garland, putting them on a tour of 38 states to raise funds for the strikers. Principal cast [ edit] : The Harlan County Coal Miners, 193139, by John W. Hevener, page 67, "Witnesses to the Struggle," Anne Loftis, University of Nevada Press, 1998, p. 46, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, "Prepare to Meet Thy God: War in the Harlan County Coal Fields", http://parallelnarratives.com/remembering-bloody-harlan/, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The Harlan County Coal Wars lasted from 1931-1939. A UMWA organizer who welcomed us displayed a revolver on the dashboard of his car. The Harlan County Coal Miners, 193139 by John W. Hevener Pp. That cabin was the home of a, Doris Payne was born in 1930 to a coal miner in Slab Fork, West Virginia.

[4]:128 While coal interests across the nation fell into step with the new legislation in 1935, Harlan was as resistant to federal meddling as it had ever been.

The Harlan County Wars took on its own epic spin on the ongoing fight between labor disputes and the coal operators and owners lasting almost ten years. I'm one of them and I feel like I've got to be with them. A lot of people get hung up on using coal because if we stopped we would lose so many jobs..yada yada But coal is a finite resource and eventually we will run out of it and have to make the transition anyway. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The miners lay in ambush for cars delivering materials to strikebreakers and shot at them. Based on this new Act, from October 27, 1933, to March 31, 1935, the mines ran as open shops. [1] Several folk singers and other artists toured the United States to raise money during the strikes. http://FamilySearch.org : 18 July 2022. On May 24, 1931, Sheriff Blair rescinded the miners right to assemble and tear-gassed a union rally. When the United States entered World War However, they did make a greater effort than the United Mine Workers with relief as they opened soup kitchens around the county. During the Battle of the You had to be.[5]. They found sympathy there with spurned politicians and business owners who wished to see the company stores vanish.[4]. . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. For its

[24], Author and activist Theodore Dreiser conducted an investigation under the auspices of the National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners (NCDPP) of the American Communist Party. the 160th Infantry Regiment aided local law enforcement and order

[14] Ultimately, their attempts at strikes, while weak in surrounding counties, were utter failures in Harlan, where only a fraction of the workforce walked out in 1931 and 1932. Staff Sergeant John Sojgren received Cal Winslow Mineworkers and their families in Harlan County, Kentucky, have blockaded the railroad tracks of a deadbeat employer. trained and ready to serve their community, state and nation. The UMW union called in the National Guard to help them. Combat Infantry badges, and 328 Combat Medic badges. Soldiers

Sadly, the state and federal troops would occupy the county several times. Sheriff T. R. Middleton replaced Blair under the pro-union campaign platform. Florence Reece wrote the song. November 18, 1931; pg. REGIMENT. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, California had 126,947 Japanese American residents, 36,866 of whom lived in Los Angeles County. She didnt stay there. The Harlan County War, or Bloody Harlan, was a series of coal mining-related skirmishes, executions, bombings, and strikes (both attempted and realized) that took place in Harlan County, Kentucky during the 1930s. Editor. Miners also wanted the right to organize and have a union. and elements of the 160th Infantry Regiment deployed to Japan Flores fled south into Mexico and left his command with Andrs Pico. WebThe Harlan County War, or Bloody Harlan, was a series of coal mining-related skirmishes, executions, bombings, and strikes (both attempted and realized) that took place in Harlan County, Kentucky during the 1930s.

What the miners were saying is, we cant be basically just extraction engines and robots and tools left to die of black lung, Feurer said. A Kentucky woman whose mine-worker husband is nearly killed in a cave-in, and whose father is slowly dying of black lung, joins the picket lines for a long, violent strike. Wages at these mines came into step with the rest of the nation. Paternalism is the practice of people who have a business or other authority to restrict the freedoms of those who are subordinate to them. By June 17, the last mine had returned to work. I have an Associates Degree from Hazard Community College and Technical School. Duke energy started the second war by buying two mines in Harlan County war in 1973. They made several attempts at holding strikes against the coal companies, but these failed in Harlan County.

: The Harlan County Coal Miners, 193139, by John W. Hevener p. 56-88, Strike Closes a Few Mines. Before this war was over it is not known exactly how many miners, coal operators, deputies, and bosses would be killed. The Californios surrounded the encampment, retreating only after U.S. Navy reinforcements arrived from San Diego. In your mind you're on one side or the other. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Despite headway by the unions, the battle for Harlan County between labor and capital continued.

| In the throes of the Great Depression, Harlan County coal owners and operators, in an effort to expand national dependency on their fuel, chose to sell below cost. Filming & Production Outlining the legal framework for labor unions and management relations to improve the working conditions for workers.

27, TROOPS AGAIN MOVE ON HARLAN COUNTY: Occupation of Kentucky Area New York Times; September 29, 1935; pg. Before long, most of the remaining workforce had gone on strike in solidarity. : The Harlan County Coal Miners, 193139, by John W. Hevener p. 46, Which Side Are You On? WebThe presence of a Communist Party labor union deeply disturbed the local elite of Bell and Harlan Counties. Johnston misinterpreted the command, giving the Army of the West orders to charge at Picos forces. Crows father, noted real estate developer Trammell Crow, founded the company in 1948. When Duke energy bought two mines they cut miner's pay by 10%, living and mining conditions were not safe. The Harlan County War, also known as "Bloody Harlan," is one of many violent labor conflicts that characterized the early industrial period in the U.S. WebThe Harlan County War in the 1930s consisted of violent confrontations among strikers, strikebreakers, mine company security forces, and law enforcement. There are still ongoing strikes today and the violence in Harlan County Continues. for heroism in action against the enemy on Luzon on 14 February The 2010 disaster at Massey Energys Upper Big Branch Mine at Montcoal, West Virginia, cost 29 lives. Others claim that his death was caused by an election concerning slot machines into the county. Under this Act, the right to organize in ones workplace was granted as well as it outlawed any discrimination whether employed or seeking employment based on union membership.

After the Battle of Evarts, the Red Cross and the United Mine Workers Union refused to help the striking men on the basis that it was now an industrial conflict that needed to be resolved internally. In "Bloody Harlan" in the 1930s, miners and union organizers faced bayonets and many died fighting the coal bosses, helping to fuel a national wave of organizing. 3, LIMIT IN WAGE CUTS REACHED IN HARLAN: SCENE IN HARLAN COUNTY (KENTUCKY) INDUSTRIAL STRIFE. The roster gives all periods of service as 13 Oct 1862 to 13 Jan 1863 unless otherwise noted. WebHarlan County War (2000) is a television film directed by Tony Bill and written by Peter Silverman. Repression of the miners and their families was swift. It aired on Showtime. MINE TRIAL WITNESS TELLS OF WHIPPING: He Asserts Union Men Applied ..; New York Times; December 1, 1931; HARLAN MAN LASHED UNTIL HE COLLAPSED: Witness at Jones Trial Says New York Times (1923-Current file); November 27, 1931; pg. WebThe Harlan County War, or Bloody Harlan, was a series of coal industry skirmishes, executions, bombings and strikes (both attempted and realized) that took place in Harlan County, Kentucky, during the 1930s. By LOUIS STARK. The United Mine Workers of America represented 400,000 miners at that point and promised miners safer work conditions and higher wages. Songwriter Florence Reece reported: Strikers exchanged gunshots with private guards and local law enforcement, and strikebreakers were set upon and beaten. Coast Artillery Brigade into the San Pedro Harbor for assembly There were only three cars in the motorcade each of which contained a sheriffs deputy. It was a nearly decade-long conflict, lasting from 1931 to 1939. The 1920s, a decade of defeat for American workers everywhere, left the UMWA in a shambles. I was home alone with our seven children.

the 160th Infantry Regiment traces their lineage back to the early One of the final military clashes of the Mexican-American War, the Battle of San Pasqual was fought near what is now Escondido on December 6, 1846, between the American Army and Californio forces. Middleton died on the scene. Crows father, noted real estate developer Trammell Crow, founded the company in 1948. The Dreiser Committee also discovered the labor folk singer Aunt Molly Jackson and her younger half-brother Jim Garland, putting them on a tour of 38 states to raise funds for the strikers.

Managers pleaded guilty to impeding the Mine Safety and Health Administrations enforcement efforts. WebAt the time of the Civil War, Harlan was considerably larger than it is today, having lost only a long narrow point on the northeastern end of the county to the formation of Letcher County in 1842. Harlan miners started to organize in the 1920s, a struggle that culminated in a long and violent strike in 1931. first units actually organized into the 160th Regiment, as the WHO IS HARLAN CROW? The Harlan County Coal War Watch on

invasion of Japan when the war ended. [1] The question at hand: the rights of Harlan County coal miners to organize their workplaces and better their wages and working conditions. Striking miners in the coalfields of southern West Virginia forced the Republican governor to sign a bill that allowed compensation for black lung disease.

These charities began to give aid to blacklisted miners who were unable to find employment as the soup kitchens had closed once the NMU had closed its doors. After taking Santa Fe without any bloodshed, Kearny ordered Colonel Alexander Doniphan and a portion of the army to the Mexican State of Chihuahua. I have taken several classes in Journalism as well as in the Appalachian History, Literature, and Sociology during my time at those schools. The 1973 UMWA Convention in Pittsburgh was a celebration of workers democracy and workers power. There was an addition to where miners could choose their own representation for these negotiations. Federal soldiers were routinely dispatched to the coal fields in response to what one governor called a reign of terror.. Web3 Kentucky, Harlan County, Cranks 570 Civil War Routes This area important passageway for Union and Confederate forces. During the Korean War, the 40th Division U.S. Army divisions, soldiers of the 160th fought in the battles cold winters in the "Land of the Morning Calm." The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". In response to the violence, the Kentucky National Guard was called in. Some people say, 'I don't take sides I'm neutral.' Blair, in search of her husband. Blair. Three company men and one striker were killed in the exchange. WebHARLAN COUNTYHarlan County, Kentucky, is a rural county located in a major coal-mining region in the Appalachian Mountains. The motorcade stopped and the deputies got out of their cars to return fire. Harlan County War. If those under them behave in an approved manner then they receive housing, work, food, and other perks of their position. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A Committee was formed and conducted by Activist Theodore Dreiser under the auspices of the National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners (NCDPP).

The radical ideology of the union began gaining some ground in the mountains.

For heroic combat service, the 160th Infantry WebHarlan County War (2000) is a television film directed by Tony Bill and written by Peter Silverman. WebHarlan County War Released: 2000 Credits composer Van Dyke Parks Movie Ratings Soundtrack.Net Users Click stars to rate. Its citizen soldiers have always been Lewis, Washington and were deployed to fight

Their foothold there ultimately ended because the local clergy who were the labor organizers found out that the union was communist in nature and held animosity toward religion. Rank-and-file miners responded with a series of wildcat strikes, in 1964, 1966, and 1971, and in 1969 they won the great West Virginia Black Lung Strike, one of the few political strikes in U.S. history. However, the battle continues to this day. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Sam Gnerre.

They say in Harlan County, there are no neutrals there Music offered workers a collective opportunity to express With the opening left by the United Mine Workers union the openly Communist (NMU) National Miners Union tried to help the miners to organize. There were shots exchanged and all three deputies and one striker were killed. Crow, a Dallas resident, graduated from The University of Texas at

Blair, a man who made his allegiance to the business owners clear: "I did all in my power to aid the operators there was no compromise when labor troubles swept the county and the 'Reds' came to Harlan County.

WebHarlan County War (2000) | Holly Hunter | Stellan Skarsgrd | Ted Levine | Full Movie Screen Blaze 41.4K subscribers Subscribe 245K views 1 year ago #harlan #fullmovies #hollyhunter Harlan County War (2000) is a television film directed by Tony Bill and written by Peter Silverman. See production, box office & company info, The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom, Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her, Close to home portrayal of Labor struggles. He then lost that fortune and, In 1916 the circus came to Kingsport, Tennessee.