Croats are descendants of the Serbs and the genetic match of both peoples is nearly identical, with the difference that Serbs are the older of the two peoples and therefore, practically created the Croatian nation, Before its news reported.

[63] The 2015 IBD analysis found that the South Slavs have lower proximity to Greeks than with East and West Slavs, and that there's an "even patterns of IBD sharing among East-West Slavs'inter-Slavic' populations (Hungarians, Romanians and Gagauz)and South Slavs, i.e.

[30] There were Yugoslavian scholars like Ferdo ii and Nada Klai who allowed limited non-Slavic origin of certain elements in Croatian ethnogenesis, but they were usually connected with the Pannonian Avars and Bulgars.

Constantine VII does not identify Croats with Slavs, nor does he point to differences between them. [89] The assertion about the boundary is only partly true because although the Croats were mentioned on the line of Khaganate they were mostly outside and not inside the boundaries. [14] Out of the neighboring countries and ethnic peoples are closest to them Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bosniaks. [27][40], The Iranian, also known as Iranian-Caucasian theory, dates to the 1797 and the doctoral dissertation by Josip Mikoczy-Blumenthal who, as the dissertation mysteriously disappeared in 1918 and was preserved only a short review, considered that Croats originated from Sarmatians who were descending from Medes in North-Western Iran. Nestor the Chronicler in his Primary Chronicle identified White Croats with West Slavs along Vistula river, with other Croats included in the East Slavic tribal union.

[19] Although it is considered that I-L621 might have been present in the CucuteniTrypillia culture,[30] until now was mainly found G2a and non-I2-L621 clades,[2][31] and another clade I2a1a1-CTS595 was present in the Baden culture of the chalcolithic Carpathian Basin.

[1] In the 2018 study, 10 out of 17 samples from Croatia had a successful Y-DNA sequencing; two Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005-5786 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave belonged to C1a2 and E1b1b1a1b1, Early-Neolithic Starevo culture (5837-5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to C, Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa culture (5641-5560 BCE) from Kargadur to G2a2a1, two Middle-Neolithic Sopot culture (5207-4546 BCE) samples from Osijek to G2a2a1 and J2a1, Late-Neolithic Sopot (4790-4558 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to I, two Vuedol culture (2884-2582 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja and Vuedol Tell to R1b1a1a2a2 and G2a2a1a2a, and the Early-Middle Bronze Age (1631-1521 BCE) sample from Veliki Vanik belonged to J2b2a. In the 2014 study, of the three successfully generated SNP profiles of Neolithic Starevo culture samples from Vinkovci, two belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup G2a-P15 and one to I2a1-P37.2, which could indicate G2a as potential representatives of the spread of farming from the Near East to Europe, while I2a as Mesolithic substratum in Europe.

[24] The ideas by Raki were furtherly developed by historian Ferdo ii in his seminal work History of the Croats in the Age of the Croat Rulers (1925). According to Josip Cuculis letter, the above book also stated that a ship came near the Hatteras Horn in 1541 but broke against the reefs and the shipwreck victims went ashore.

[54] The Slavic-Iranian cultural interrelation was pointed out by modern ethnologists, like Marijana Gui who in the ritual Ljelje noticed the influence from Pontic-Caucasian-Iranian sphere,[55][56] Branimir Gui,[56] and archaeologists Zdenko Vinski and Ksenija Vinski-Gasparini.

Iranians are Indo-European, but not slavic.

English; ronald reagan quote 9 scariest words; hobby lobby 50th anniversary gifts [51] The 2014 study of a male skeleton found in Split from Late Roman Period (dated 176080 YBP) showed that it belonged to haplogroup H.[52], Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups - H (25.5-45%), U (18.85-22%), J (7.5-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belongs to many other smaller haplogroups.

[69] There were many supporters of the thesis and further tried to develop it, but the actual arguments are considered far-fetched, unscientific, and with Anti-Slavic sentiment.

[127] The northern and the western parts of that sea were steppes and plains, while the modern Croatian islands (rich in Paleolithic archaeological sites) were hills and mountains. [35] It was found in the skeletal remains with artifacts, indicating elite of Hungarian conquerors of the Carpathian Basin from the 9th-10th century, part of Western Eurasian-Slavic component of the Hungarians. Also, Croatians and Bosnians look so different from any Persian out there, so I don't know Europeans could descend from Persians.

.

[13] Subclade G2a-P15 both in Croatian and Bosnian Croats is found in low numbers (1.1%),[13] but peaks locally in the north-eastern town of Osijek (13.8%),[13] and the southern islands of Mljet (15.4%), Korula (10.4%), Bra (6%) as well northern island Cres (7%). There are many ethnic and linguistic sub-divisions within these groups, that are very complex. WebThe descendants of Kroat (Croatan) Indians still live in the USA. In the case of the present-day Croatian nation, several components or phases influenced its ethnogenesis: The mention of the Croatian ethnonym Hrvat for a specific tribe before the 9th century is not yet completely confirmed.

[27] This "Balkan cluster" also has the highest variance in Ukraine, which indicates that the very high frequency in the Western Balkan is because of a founder effect. WebThe descendants of Kroat (Croatan) Indians still live in the USA.

[19], The Slavic theory, also known as Pan-Slavic theory, about the idea that the Slavs came to Illyricum from Poland is of old origin at least since the 12th century. However, the archaeological and other historic evidence on the migration of the Slavic settlers, the character of the native population on the present-day territory of Croatia, and their mutual relationship show diverse historical and cultural influences. [113], The anthropological and craniometric data is in correlation with the historical sources, including an account from DAI that a part of the Dalmatian Croats split off and took rule of Pannonia and Illyricum, as well other archaeological findings which imply that early Croats did not initially settle in Lower Pannonia and that the splitting off was related to the political rule rather than ethnic origin. Those in this situation should have a right to apply for citizenship.

[112] According to the 2015 NASU study, medieval burial grounds in Zelenche of Ternopil Oblast and in Halych region in Western Ukraine have "anthropological peculiarities" because of which are different from the near sites of Early Slavic tribes of Volhynians, Tivertsi and Drevlians, and closest "to several distant [medieval] populations of the part of the Western and Southern Slavs (Czechs, Lusatian Slavs, Moravians, and the Croatians). [59] The thesis was subsequently supported by Francis Dvornik, George Vernadsky, Roman Jakobson, Tadeusz Sulimirski, and Oleg Trubachyov.

. There are many ethnic and linguistic sub-divisions within these groups, that are very complex.

WebAl Christy - actor.

[108][109][110][111] The 2015 study of medieval skeletal remains in opot (14th-15th century) and Ostrovica (9th century) found out they cluster with other Dalmatian sites as well Polish sites, concluding that "PCA showed that all Eastern Adriatic coast sites were closely related in cranial morphology, and thus, most likely had similar biological makeup". [15][71] This is further substantiated by the fact that this story is very similar to other adaptations of Herodotus (IV 33.3) "the Croatian migration did not take place, but Constantine Porphyrogenitus created it relying on the literary models traditionally applied to described the Landnahme of Scythian Barbarians. [38] This scenario can only be explained with the possible distortion of the cultural and ethnic identity of the native Romanized population that happened after the fall of West Roman Empire, and that the new Slavic language and culture was seen as a prestigious idiom they had to, or wanted to accept.

[1] Preliminary results from 2016 mtDNA study, which will approximately include 30 samples from Neolithic and 5 samples from Early to Late Bronze Age, on 5 ancient Croatian petrous bones (3 Neolithic Cardial Impresso from Zemunica Cave near Bisko, 1 Middle Neolithic Danilo culture from Zidana Cave near Staniii umberaki, 1 Mid/Late Bronze Age from Jazinka Cave near Neven) indicated mtDNA haplogroups K2 and K1b1a, H1e/H41, H1b for Neolithic samples similar to Early European Farmers (EEFs) and modern Sardinians and Southern Europeans, while haplogroup HV or H4 for Bronze Age sample similar to modern day Croatian and Balkan population, but without clear evidence for connection with the Indo-European migration.

Population genetics is a scientific discipline which contributes to the examination of the human evolutionary and historical migrations.

Croatians now follow a unique, and slightly complex structuring, lettering, naming custom and composition, which is similar to most of the European naming systems.

[15] Similarly, Thomas the Archdeacon in his work Historia Salonitana mentions that seven or eight tribes of nobles, which he called "Lingones", arrived from Poland and settled in Croatia under Totila's leadership. While in 1991 some 8,800 Croats were living in Kosovo, by 1998 the number had WebMany of the Serbs in Croatia are descendants of people who migrated to the border areas of the Holy Roman Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Serbia and Bosnia. In the Neolithic period in Southeast Europe were founded major cultures like Vina, Varna, Starevo.

. Technically, the law is clear on this. The Croats trace their history to the 6th and 7th-century southwards migration of the Slavs, which is supported by anthropological, genetical, and ethnological studies. [73], The anti-primordialist theory was later developed by Otto Kronsteiner in 1978. Webnew york times higher education reporter . [79] Actually, the etymology derivation is one of many, and is not generally accepted;[62][63] the Croats are mentioned along the Avars only in the Constantine VII's work, but always as enemies of the Avars, who destroyed and expelled their authority from Dalmatia;[80] those settlements had widespread Slavic suffix ii, the settlements do not have the semicircular Avar type arrangement, and the Ban's settlements could not be his seat as are very small and are not found on any important crossroad or geographical location;[81] the titles origin and derivation are unsolved, and they are not found among Avars and Avar language;[81][82] toponyms with root Obrov derive from South Slavic verb "obrovati" (to dig a trench) and are mostly of later date (from the 14th century). [12] The contemporary insular population's genetic diversity is characterized by strong isolation and endogamy. WebThe definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity, [1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time.

[33], The personal names on the Tanais Tablets are considered as a prototype of a certain ethnonym of a Sarmatian tribe those persons did descend from,[50][62] and as well today is generally accepted that the Croatian name is of Iranian origin and that can be traced to the Tanais Tablets. [15], The Slavic theory about the 7th century migration from Zakarpattia or Lesser Poland remains the mainstream historiographical and archaeological theory. [65] There was happening an interrelation between Slavic and Iranian language and culture, seen for example in the toponymy. [40] In the 2022 analysis Croatian, Bosnian and Herzegovinian, and Serbian individuals made "Northwestern Balkans" cluster which had less Southern European ("Greek") ancestry than "Northeastern Balkans" cluster formed by Romanian and Bulgarian individuals.

The regional influences are embraced instead of being resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great effect. [49] The 2018 study which included 17 samples from Croatia; Mesolithic (7308-7027 BCE) from Vela Spila to U5b2b, three Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005-5751 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave to H1, K1b1a and N1a1, Early-Neolithic Starevo (5837-5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U8b1b1, two Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa (5670-5560 BCE) samples from Kargadur to H5a and H7c, two Middle-Neolithic Sopot (5207-4546 BCE) samples from Osijek to U5a1a2 and H10, two Late-Neolithic Sopot (4790-4536 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U5b2b and N1a1, Eneolithic (3710-3360 BCE) from Radovanci to J1c2, three Vuedol (3000-2582 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja and Vucedol Tell to T2e, T2c2 and U4a, Early-Middle Bronze Age (1631-1521 BCE) from Veliki Vanik to I1a1, and the Late Bronze Age (805-761 BCE) sample from Jazinka Cave belonged to HV0e. [8], A 2022 archaeogenetic study published in Science compared ancient, medieval, and modern Balkans population samples and found that the medieval Slavic migrations "profoundly affected the region", resulting in the reduction of Anatolian Neolithic ancestry in Southeastern Europe. [95][96][97], Historians and archaeologists until now concluded that Avars never lived in Dalmatia proper (including Lika) yet somewhere in Pannonia,[98][99] there is lack of authentic early Avar archaeological findings within Croatia which doesn't support thesis about elite warriors, the Croatian ethnonym is recorded on the territory of Avar Khaganate several centuries after its end,[100] and that Turkic ethnic component in Croatian ethnogenesis was negligible,[101] while the late migration theory since 1970s is criticized and rejected by mainstream scholarship because is misinterpreting archaeological data which shows 7th century Slavic-Croatian migration and settlement, there wasn't any detectable new foreign group in the 9th century neither its and Croats are mentioned in detailed Frankish sources, Frankish military equipment doesn't indicate arrival of a new ethnic group neither was found on the territory of Obotrites in Vojvodina. [58][51] First who considered such a thesis and Iranian origin was Konstantin Josef Jireek in 1911.

[11][13] The region had a specific role in the structuring of European, and particularly among Slavic, paternal genetic heritage, characterized by the predominance of R1a and I, and scarcity of E lineages.

The observed Y-DNA haplogroups in Neolithic/Copper period were two G2a2a-PF3147, one G2a2b2a1a1-PF3345, one C1a2b-Z38888, two I2a2a-M223 and one J-M304; in Bronze period were only four G2a2a1a2a2a1-Z31430 and one G2a2a1-PF3148. [53] A moderate genetic isolate can also be considered for the continental population of mountainous region umberak because they had a loose affinity with Uskoks's proposed region of origin (Bosnians, Herzegovinians, southern Croatians) or to their current closest neighbors (northern Croatians and Slovenians). The high frequency of U4 in Lastovo (11.8%) indicates founder effect. [122] Based on autosomal IBD survey the speakers of Serbo-Croatian language share a very high number of common ancestors dated to the migration period approximately 1,500 years ago with Poland and Romania-Bulgaria clusters among others in Eastern Europe. According to Admixture, Croatian Neolithic samples have 97.6-100% ANF-ancestry, Copper Age samples have 71% ANF-ancestry and 29% Western Steppe Herders (WSH)-ancestry, while Bronze Age samples 47% ANF, 20% WHG and 33% WSG-ancestry. [31][41], Some scholars like Nada Klai considered that Thomas the Archdeacon despised Slavs/Croats and that wanted to depreciate them as barbarians with Goths identification, however, until the time of Renaissance the Goths were seen as noble barbarians compared to Huns, Avars, Vandals, Langobards, Magyars and Slavs, and as such he would not identify them with the Goths. [14][15][16], Haplogroup I among Croats from Croatia is around 43.5%,[14] while in okci, a subgroup of Croats from eastern Croatia, is between 44% and 50% of the same haplogroup.

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There are visible four main clusters within sampled Croats, first including Mainland-Bra and Krk-North Dalmatian islands, second Hvar-Korula, third Cres, and fourth Vis, the latter two having highest distances from the others. WebThe data from Y-DNA and autosomal DNA suggests that the Croats mostly are descendants of the Slavs from medieval migration period, according to mtDNA have genetic diversity which fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape, and overall have a uniformity with other South Slavs from the territory of former Yugoslavia . [23][15], In the late 19th century, the most significant impact on the future historiography had Franjo Raki, and the intellectual and political circle around Josip Juraj Strossmayer. Specifically, the haplogroup E's subclade probably arose locally in the Balkan not earlier than 8,000-10,000 years ago.

Among them were present "paternal lineages typical of Balkan Neolithic populations (eleven G2a2, two I2a1a(xI2a1a2), one I2a2, C and C1a2-V20)".

[6], In the same year were analyzed additional 19 Middle Neolithic of Sopot culture, 1 Copper Age and 1 Roman age sample from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja as well as 7 Bronze Age samples of Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery culture from Jagodnjak-Krevine in Eastern Croatia.

The frequency is lower in okci from eastern Croatia (16%),[17][18] in the city of Dubrovnik (13.4%) and Split (19%) in Dalmatia, as well on the southern islands of Hvar (8-10.58%) and Vis (17%). [58] That the early Croats marked the cardinal directions with colors, hence White Croats and White Croatia (Western) and Red Croatia (Southern),[58] but the cardinal color designation, in general, indicates remnants of the widespread steppe peoples tradition. WebCroatians were palace guards to the Caliphs of Moslem Spain in 1000 - 1200 A.D. and palace guards to the kings of France.

[107] According to the 1998-2004 craniometric studies done by Mario laus of medieval Central European archaeological sites, four Dalmatian and two Bosnian sites clustered with Polish sites, two Continental Croatia (Avaro-Slav) sites were classified into the cluster of Hungarian sites west of the Danube, while the two sites from the Bijelo Brdo culture were into the cluster of Slav sites from Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia. There are many Paleolithic period sites located in the territory of Croatia, mostly ascribed to the Mousterian phase in the Middle Paleolithic period. 2014 IBD analysis also found "multi-directional admixture events among East Europeans (both Slavic and non-Slavic), dated to around 1,0001,600 YBP" which coincides with "the proposed time-frame for the Slavic expansion".

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